Warm up the milk until it reaches the temperature of 100–110°F (38–43°C) or feels pleasantly warm to the touch. Stir in the yeast until dissolved.
½ cup (120ml) milk, 1 package (2 ¼ teaspoons or 7g) instant yeast
In a large mixing bowl, stir together flour, cardamom, salt, and sugar. Add the lightly beaten egg and vanilla, then pour in the milk-yeast mixture.
2 ¼ cups (280g) flour, 3/4 teaspoon ground cardamom, ¼ teaspoon salt, 3 tablespoons sugar, 1 large egg, 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
Knead the ingredients until just combined, then gradually add the melted, slightly cooled butter and mix until incorporated.
¼ cup (60g) butter
Knead the dough by hand for 10-15 minutes or with a hand mixer fitted with a dough hook for about 5-10 minutes, until a smooth dough forms. If using a mixer, the dough will still be quite sticky—when it’s nearly ready, transfer it to the counter and knead by hand, preferably stretching and folding it until a smooth ball forms. If it remains a little sticky, that’s fine—just return it to the bowl.
Cover the bowl with plastic wrap and let rise in a warm place until doubled in size, about 1 hour. I usually place it in a turned-off oven with the light on.